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Angevin kings of England
The Angevins ("from Anjou") were an English royal house in the 12th and early 13th centuries; its monarchs were Henry II, Richard I and John. In the 10 years from 1144, two successive counts of Anjou, Geoffrey and his son, the future Henry II, won control of a vast assemblage of lands in western Europe that would last for 80 years and would retrospectively be referred to as the Angevin Empire. As a political entity this was structurally different from the preceding Norman and subsequent Plantagenet realms. Geoffrey became Duke of Normandy in 1144 and died in 1151. In 1152 his heir, Henry, added Aquitaine by virtue of his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine. Henry also inherited the claim of his mother, Empress Matilda, the daughter of King Henry I, to the English throne, to which he succeeded in 1154 following the death of King Stephen.
Henry was succeeded by his third son, Richard, whose reputation for martial prowess won him the epithet "フランス語:Cœur de Lion" or "Lionheart". He was born and raised in England but spent very little time there during his adult life, perhaps as little as six months. Despite this Richard remains an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France, and is one of very few kings of England remembered by his nickname as opposed to regnal number.〔.〕
When Richard died, his brother John – Henry’s fifth and only surviving son – took the throne. In 1204 John lost the Angevins' continental territories, including Anjou, to the French crown. The loss of Anjou from which the dynasty is named is the rationale behind John's sonHenry III of England being considered the first Plantageneta name derived from a nickname for Geoffrey. Where no distinction is made between the Angevinsand Angevin era and subsequent English Kings, Henry II is the first Plantagenet king. From John the dynasty continued successfully and unbroken in the senior male line until the reign of Richard II before dividing into two competing cadet branches, the House of Lancaster and the House of York.
== Terminology ==
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